Variants of the elongator protein 3 (ELP3) gene are associated with motor neuron degeneration
Identifieur interne : 001064 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001063; suivant : 001065Variants of the elongator protein 3 (ELP3) gene are associated with motor neuron degeneration
Auteurs : Claire L. Simpson ; Robin Lemmens [Belgique] ; Katarzyna Miskiewicz [Belgique] ; Wendy J. Broom [États-Unis] ; Valerie K. Hansen ; Paul W. J. Van Vught ; John E. Landers [États-Unis] ; Peter Sapp [États-Unis] ; Ludo Van Den Bosch [Belgique] ; Joanne Knight [Royaume-Uni] ; Benjamin M. Neale [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin R. Turner ; Jan H. Veldink ; Roel A. Ophoff [Pays-Bas, États-Unis] ; Vineeta B. Tripathi ; Ana Beleza ; Meera N. Shah ; Petroula Proitsi ; Annelies Van Hoecke [Belgique] ; Peter Carmeliet ; H. Robert Horvitz [États-Unis] ; P. Nigel Leigh ; Christopher E. Shaw ; Leonard H. Van Den Berg ; Pak C. Sham [Hong Kong] ; John F. Powell ; Patrik Verstreken [Belgique] ; Robert H. Brown [États-Unis] ; Wim Robberecht [Belgique] ; Ammar Al-Chalabi [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Human Molecular Genetics [ 0964-6906 ] ; 2009-02-01.
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spontaneous, relentlessly progressive motor neuron disease, usually resulting in death from respiratory failure within 3 years. Variation in the genes SOD1 and TARDBP accounts for a small percentage of cases, and other genes have shown association in both candidate gene and genome-wide studies, but the genetic causes remain largely unknown. We have performed two independent parallel studies, both implicating the RNA polymerase II component, ELP3, in axonal biology and neuronal degeneration. In the first, an association study of 1884 microsatellite markers, allelic variants of ELP3 were associated with ALS in three human populations comprising 1483 people (P 1.96 109). In the second, an independent mutagenesis screen in Drosophila for genes important in neuronal communication and survival identified two different loss of function mutations, both in ELP3 (R475K and R456K). Furthermore, knock down of ELP3 protein levels using antisense morpholinos in zebrafish embryos resulted in dose-dependent motor axonal abnormalities [Pearson correlation: 0.49, P 1.83 1012 (start codon morpholino) and 0.46, P 4.05 109 (splice-site morpholino), and in humans, risk-associated ELP3 genotypes correlated with reduced brain ELP3 expression (P 0.01). These findings add to the growing body of evidence implicating the RNA processing pathway in neurodegeneration and suggest a critical role for ELP3 in neuron biology and of ELP3 variants in ALS.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn375
Affiliations:
- Belgique, Hong Kong, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Californie, Massachusetts, Utrecht (province)
- Utrecht
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Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robberecht, Wim" sort="Robberecht, Wim" uniqKey="Robberecht W" first="Wim" last="Robberecht">Wim Robberecht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Chalabi, Ammar" sort="Al Chalabi, Ammar" uniqKey="Al Chalabi A" first="Ammar" last="Al-Chalabi">Ammar Al-Chalabi</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:A978A982B22444802EEEFD36FB8A8351D048E4B3</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1093/hmg/ddn375</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/A978A982B22444802EEEFD36FB8A8351D048E4B3/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E55</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">000E46</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000B73</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0964-6906:2009:Simpson C:variants:of:the</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001066</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001064</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001064</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Variants of the elongator protein 3 (ELP3) gene are associated with motor neuron degeneration</title><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Claire L" sort="Simpson, Claire L" uniqKey="Simpson C" first="Claire L." last="Simpson">Claire L. Simpson</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemmens, Robin" sort="Lemmens, Robin" uniqKey="Lemmens R" first="Robin" last="Lemmens">Robin Lemmens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Neurology (University Hospital Leuven) and Laboratory for Neurobiology, Section of Experimental Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miskiewicz, Katarzyna" sort="Miskiewicz, Katarzyna" uniqKey="Miskiewicz K" first="Katarzyna" last="Miskiewicz">Katarzyna Miskiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broom, Wendy J" sort="Broom, Wendy J" uniqKey="Broom W" first="Wendy J." last="Broom">Wendy J. Broom</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cecil B Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Valerie K" sort="Hansen, Valerie K" uniqKey="Hansen V" first="Valerie K." last="Hansen">Valerie K. Hansen</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vught, Paul W J" sort="Van Vught, Paul W J" uniqKey="Van Vught P" first="Paul W. J." last="Van Vught">Paul W. J. Van Vught</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landers, John E" sort="Landers, John E" uniqKey="Landers J" first="John E." last="Landers">John E. Landers</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cecil B Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sapp, Peter" sort="Sapp, Peter" uniqKey="Sapp P" first="Peter" last="Sapp">Peter Sapp</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cecil B Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Neurology (University Hospital Leuven) and Laboratory for Neurobiology, Section of Experimental Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Joanne" sort="Knight, Joanne" uniqKey="Knight J" first="Joanne" last="Knight">Joanne Knight</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London SE5 8AF</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London SE5 8AF</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neale, Benjamin M" sort="Neale, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Neale B" first="Benjamin M." last="Neale">Benjamin M. Neale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London SE5 8AF</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London SE5 8AF</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Martin R" sort="Turner, Martin R" uniqKey="Turner M" first="Martin R." last="Turner">Martin R. Turner</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veldink, Jan H" sort="Veldink, Jan H" uniqKey="Veldink J" first="Jan H." last="Veldink">Jan H. Veldink</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ophoff, Roel A" sort="Ophoff, Roel A" uniqKey="Ophoff R" first="Roel A." last="Ophoff">Roel A. Ophoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripathi, Vineeta B" sort="Tripathi, Vineeta B" uniqKey="Tripathi V" first="Vineeta B." last="Tripathi">Vineeta B. Tripathi</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beleza, Ana" sort="Beleza, Ana" uniqKey="Beleza A" first="Ana" last="Beleza">Ana Beleza</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Meera N" sort="Shah, Meera N" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Meera N." last="Shah">Meera N. Shah</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Proitsi, Petroula" sort="Proitsi, Petroula" uniqKey="Proitsi P" first="Petroula" last="Proitsi">Petroula Proitsi</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Research</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Hoecke, Annelies" sort="Van Hoecke, Annelies" uniqKey="Van Hoecke A" first="Annelies" last="Van Hoecke">Annelies Van Hoecke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Neurology (University Hospital Leuven) and Laboratory for Neurobiology, Section of Experimental Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carmeliet, Peter" sort="Carmeliet, Peter" uniqKey="Carmeliet P" first="Peter" last="Carmeliet">Peter Carmeliet</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">(VIB)</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horvitz, H Robert" sort="Horvitz, H Robert" uniqKey="Horvitz H" first="H. Robert" last="Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leigh, P Nigel" sort="Leigh, P Nigel" uniqKey="Leigh P" first="P. Nigel" last="Leigh">P. Nigel Leigh</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Christopher E" sort="Shaw, Christopher E" uniqKey="Shaw C" first="Christopher E." last="Shaw">Christopher E. Shaw</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" sort="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" uniqKey="Van Den Berg L" first="Leonard H." last="Van Den Berg">Leonard H. Van Den Berg</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Department of Neurology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sham, Pak C" sort="Sham, Pak C" uniqKey="Sham P" first="Pak C." last="Sham">Pak C. Sham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Genome Centre, University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, John F" sort="Powell, John F" uniqKey="Powell J" first="John F." last="Powell">John F. Powell</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Research</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verstreken, Patrik" sort="Verstreken, Patrik" uniqKey="Verstreken P" first="Patrik" last="Verstreken">Patrik Verstreken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Robert H" sort="Brown, Robert H" uniqKey="Brown R" first="Robert H." last="Brown">Robert H. Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cecil B Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robberecht, Wim" sort="Robberecht, Wim" uniqKey="Robberecht W" first="Wim" last="Robberecht">Wim Robberecht</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Neurology (University Hospital Leuven) and Laboratory for Neurobiology, Section of Experimental Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven B-3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Chalabi, Ammar" sort="Al Chalabi, Ammar" uniqKey="Al Chalabi A" first="Ammar" last="Al-Chalabi">Ammar Al-Chalabi</name><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Human Molecular Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">0964-6906</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2083</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2009-02-01">2009-02-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="472">472</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="481">481</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0964-6906</idno></series><idno type="istex">A978A982B22444802EEEFD36FB8A8351D048E4B3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/hmg/ddn375</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ddn375</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0964-6906</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spontaneous, relentlessly progressive motor neuron disease, usually resulting in death from respiratory failure within 3 years. Variation in the genes SOD1 and TARDBP accounts for a small percentage of cases, and other genes have shown association in both candidate gene and genome-wide studies, but the genetic causes remain largely unknown. We have performed two independent parallel studies, both implicating the RNA polymerase II component, ELP3, in axonal biology and neuronal degeneration. In the first, an association study of 1884 microsatellite markers, allelic variants of ELP3 were associated with ALS in three human populations comprising 1483 people (P 1.96 109). In the second, an independent mutagenesis screen in Drosophila for genes important in neuronal communication and survival identified two different loss of function mutations, both in ELP3 (R475K and R456K). Furthermore, knock down of ELP3 protein levels using antisense morpholinos in zebrafish embryos resulted in dose-dependent motor axonal abnormalities [Pearson correlation: 0.49, P 1.83 1012 (start codon morpholino) and 0.46, P 4.05 109 (splice-site morpholino), and in humans, risk-associated ELP3 genotypes correlated with reduced brain ELP3 expression (P 0.01). These findings add to the growing body of evidence implicating the RNA processing pathway in neurodegeneration and suggest a critical role for ELP3 in neuron biology and of ELP3 variants in ALS.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>Hong Kong</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li></region><settlement><li>Utrecht</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Beleza, Ana" sort="Beleza, Ana" uniqKey="Beleza A" first="Ana" last="Beleza">Ana Beleza</name><name sortKey="Carmeliet, Peter" sort="Carmeliet, Peter" uniqKey="Carmeliet P" first="Peter" last="Carmeliet">Peter Carmeliet</name><name sortKey="Hansen, Valerie K" sort="Hansen, Valerie K" uniqKey="Hansen V" first="Valerie K." last="Hansen">Valerie K. Hansen</name><name sortKey="Leigh, P Nigel" sort="Leigh, P Nigel" uniqKey="Leigh P" first="P. Nigel" last="Leigh">P. Nigel Leigh</name><name sortKey="Powell, John F" sort="Powell, John F" uniqKey="Powell J" first="John F." last="Powell">John F. Powell</name><name sortKey="Proitsi, Petroula" sort="Proitsi, Petroula" uniqKey="Proitsi P" first="Petroula" last="Proitsi">Petroula Proitsi</name><name sortKey="Shah, Meera N" sort="Shah, Meera N" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Meera N." last="Shah">Meera N. Shah</name><name sortKey="Shaw, Christopher E" sort="Shaw, Christopher E" uniqKey="Shaw C" first="Christopher E." last="Shaw">Christopher E. Shaw</name><name sortKey="Simpson, Claire L" sort="Simpson, Claire L" uniqKey="Simpson C" first="Claire L." last="Simpson">Claire L. Simpson</name><name sortKey="Tripathi, Vineeta B" sort="Tripathi, Vineeta B" uniqKey="Tripathi V" first="Vineeta B." last="Tripathi">Vineeta B. Tripathi</name><name sortKey="Turner, Martin R" sort="Turner, Martin R" uniqKey="Turner M" first="Martin R." last="Turner">Martin R. Turner</name><name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" sort="Van Den Berg, Leonard H" uniqKey="Van Den Berg L" first="Leonard H." last="Van Den Berg">Leonard H. Van Den Berg</name><name sortKey="Van Vught, Paul W J" sort="Van Vught, Paul W J" uniqKey="Van Vught P" first="Paul W. J." last="Van Vught">Paul W. J. Van Vught</name><name sortKey="Veldink, Jan H" sort="Veldink, Jan H" uniqKey="Veldink J" first="Jan H." last="Veldink">Jan H. Veldink</name></noCountry><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lemmens, Robin" sort="Lemmens, Robin" uniqKey="Lemmens R" first="Robin" last="Lemmens">Robin Lemmens</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Miskiewicz, Katarzyna" sort="Miskiewicz, Katarzyna" uniqKey="Miskiewicz K" first="Katarzyna" last="Miskiewicz">Katarzyna Miskiewicz</name><name sortKey="Miskiewicz, Katarzyna" sort="Miskiewicz, Katarzyna" uniqKey="Miskiewicz K" first="Katarzyna" last="Miskiewicz">Katarzyna Miskiewicz</name><name sortKey="Robberecht, Wim" sort="Robberecht, Wim" uniqKey="Robberecht W" first="Wim" last="Robberecht">Wim Robberecht</name><name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name><name sortKey="Van Hoecke, Annelies" sort="Van Hoecke, Annelies" uniqKey="Van Hoecke A" first="Annelies" last="Van Hoecke">Annelies Van Hoecke</name><name sortKey="Verstreken, Patrik" sort="Verstreken, Patrik" uniqKey="Verstreken P" first="Patrik" last="Verstreken">Patrik Verstreken</name><name sortKey="Verstreken, Patrik" sort="Verstreken, Patrik" uniqKey="Verstreken P" first="Patrik" last="Verstreken">Patrik Verstreken</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Broom, Wendy J" sort="Broom, Wendy J" uniqKey="Broom W" first="Wendy J." last="Broom">Wendy J. Broom</name></region><name sortKey="Brown, Robert H" sort="Brown, Robert H" uniqKey="Brown R" first="Robert H." last="Brown">Robert H. Brown</name><name sortKey="Horvitz, H Robert" sort="Horvitz, H Robert" uniqKey="Horvitz H" first="H. Robert" last="Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</name><name sortKey="Landers, John E" sort="Landers, John E" uniqKey="Landers J" first="John E." last="Landers">John E. Landers</name><name sortKey="Ophoff, Roel A" sort="Ophoff, Roel A" uniqKey="Ophoff R" first="Roel A." last="Ophoff">Roel A. Ophoff</name><name sortKey="Sapp, Peter" sort="Sapp, Peter" uniqKey="Sapp P" first="Peter" last="Sapp">Peter Sapp</name><name sortKey="Sapp, Peter" sort="Sapp, Peter" uniqKey="Sapp P" first="Peter" last="Sapp">Peter Sapp</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Knight, Joanne" sort="Knight, Joanne" uniqKey="Knight J" first="Joanne" last="Knight">Joanne Knight</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Al Chalabi, Ammar" sort="Al Chalabi, Ammar" uniqKey="Al Chalabi A" first="Ammar" last="Al-Chalabi">Ammar Al-Chalabi</name><name sortKey="Neale, Benjamin M" sort="Neale, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Neale B" first="Benjamin M." last="Neale">Benjamin M. Neale</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Ophoff, Roel A" sort="Ophoff, Roel A" uniqKey="Ophoff R" first="Roel A." last="Ophoff">Roel A. Ophoff</name></region></country><country name="Hong Kong"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sham, Pak C" sort="Sham, Pak C" uniqKey="Sham P" first="Pak C." last="Sham">Pak C. Sham</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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